Synthesis on the inequalities across the life course and policy-making levels, and perceptions of inequality
This report synthesises findings from the MapIneq project on how social inequalities develop across the life course in Europe. Inequalities emerge early, accumulate over time, and spill across education, labour markets, health, and family life. Local and regional opportunity structures play a major role alongside national institutions. Education is central but insufficient on its own to offset early disadvantage. Sustaining the legitimacy of inequality-producing institutions requires fair opportunities and shared security across life stages..
By Jani Erola.
Early disadvantages related to family background, health, and place persist across the life course and spill over between education, work, family life, and later-career outcomes.
Local and regional opportunity structures explain a substantial share of inequality. Reducing within-country regional disparities has been crucial for improving equality of opportunity in Europe.
Europeans tolerate inequality within limits, but growing divergence between meritocratic ideals and lived opportunities threatens the legitimacy of social and economic institutions.