A new study shows how regional differences, along with factors like family structure, education, and health, affect older adults’ employment and financial security in Europe, highlighting significant inequalities and the need for targeted policy interventions.
As Europe ages, the question of how to keep older adults engaged in meaningful work is no longer a niche policy concern—it’s a social and economic imperative. New research by Mapineq scholars reveals that your chances of staying employed and financially secure into later life aren’t just about your age or even your health. They’re deeply shaped by where you live, your family situation, your education—and the kind of support your region offers.
A sweeping study across 27 European countries, including detailed regional analysis for 14 of them, uncovers striking inequalities in how people experience the final stages of their working lives. Using six indicators—from unemployment and income to life satisfaction—the study shows that older workers in countries like Sweden or Switzerland are faring far better than those in Serbia or Greece. But even within countries, regional differences run deep.
Education and health are powerful levers. Higher education is associated with better jobs, more income, and a reduced risk of poverty, while poor health increases the likelihood of labour market exclusion. Family structure also matters: older adults living alone or caring for others without support are far more vulnerable to unemployment and poverty.
Beyond individual factors, context is key. Regional economic structures—such as the presence of large-scale engineering versus primary sector jobs—significantly influence late-career outcomes. Stronger employment rates and higher social spending on care reduce non-employment among older adults. Meanwhile, in places with lower access to quality jobs or services, even well-educated and healthy individuals face uphill battles.
Curiously, money isn’t everything. Some regions report high life satisfaction despite poor economic performance, pointing to the importance of social and cultural dimensions of well-being. In fact, life satisfaction among older adults was sometimes lower in richer areas, and unexpectedly, higher physician numbers did not translate into greater well-being.
So, what’s the takeaway for policymakers? First, late-career inequality is not only about individuals—it’s about systems. Investing in lifelong learning, strengthening health and care services, and supporting quality job creation are essential. But it’s also about place. Regional disparities in older adults’ experiences call for targeted, place-based interventions that go beyond national policies.