Polygenic prediction of occupational status GWAS elucidates genetic and environmental interplay in intergenerational transmission, careers and health in UK Biobank
Socioeconomic status (SES) impacts health and life-course outcomes. This genome-wide association study (GWAS) of sociologically informed occupational status measures (ISEI, SIOPS, CAMSIS) using the UK Biobank (N = 273,157) identified 106 independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms of which 8 are novel to the study of SES. Genetic correlations with educational attainment (rg = 0.96–0.97) and income (rg = 0.81–0.91) point to a common genetic factor for SES. We observed a 54–57% reduction in within-family predictions compared with population-based predictions, attributed to indirect parental effects (22–27% attenuation) and assortative mating (21–27%) following our calculations. Using polygenic scores from population predictions of 5–10% (incremental R2 = 0.023–0.097 across different approaches and occupational status measures), we showed that (1) cognitive and non-cognitive traits, including scholastic and occupational motivation and aspiration, link polygenic scores to occupational status and (2) 62% of the intergenerational transmission of occupational status cannot be ascribed to genetic inheritance of common variants but other factors such as family environments. Finally, links between genetics, occupation, career trajectory and health are interrelated with parental occupational status.
By Evelina T. Akimova, Tobias Wolfram, Xuejie Ding, Felix C. Tropf & Melinda C. Mills.
Genetic and Environmental Interplay
The study identifies 106 genetic variants linked to occupational status, emphasizing the interaction between genetics, family environment, and childhood aspirations in shaping socioeconomic outcomes.
Limited Role of Genetics in Intergenerational Mobility
Only ~38% of the intergenerational correlation in occupational status is attributed to genetics, with 62% explained by non-genetic factors like family environment and social influences.
Broad Socioeconomic Connections
Findings reveal a shared genetic factor across educational attainment, income, and occupational status, highlighting the intertwined nature of socioeconomic indicators.